MY DEAR STUDENTS 10 A- B- C THESE ARE SOME EXERCISES ABOUT REPORTED SPEECH

Reported Speech without backshift – Change of Pronouns

Helen is in front of the class holding a presentation on London. As Helen is rather shy, she speaks with a very low voice. Your classmate Gareth does not understand her, so you have to repeat every sentence to him.

Complete the sentences in reported speech (no backshift). Note the change of pronouns and verbs.

§  Helen: I want to tell you something about my holiday in London.

§  Gareth: What does she say?

§  You: She says that ______________________________________

§  Helen: I went to London in July.

§  Gareth: What does she say?

§  You: She says that ______________________________________

§  Helen: My parents went with me.

§  Gareth: What does she say?

§  You: She says that ____________________________________

§  Helen: We spent three days in London.

§  Gareth: What does she say?

§  You: She says that ________________________________________

§  Helen: London is a multicultural place.

§  Gareth: What does she say?

§  You: She says that __________________________________________

§  Helen: I saw people of all colours.

§  Gareth: What does she say?

§  You: She says that ____________________________________________

§  Helen: Me and my parents visited the Tower.

§  Gareth: What does she say?

§  You: She says that _______________________________________________

§  Helen: One evening we went to see a musical.

§  Gareth: What does she say?

§  You: She says that _______________________________________________

§  Helen: I love London.

§  Gareth: What does she say?

§  You: She says that _____________________________________________

§  Helen: The people are so nice there.

§  Gareth: What does she say?

§  You: She says that _______________________________________________

For 10 A-B-C REPORTED SPEECH

HELLO EVERYONE THIS IS THE NEW TOPIC : PAY ATTENTION AND DOWNLOAD IT PLEASE SEE YOU SOON

Reported Speech (Indirect Speech)

If we report what another person has said, we usually do not use the speaker’s exact words (direct speech), but reported (indirect) speech. Therefore, you need to learn how to transform direct speech into reported speech. The structure is a little different depending on whether you want to transform a statement, question or request.

Statements

When transforming statements, check whether you have to change:

• pronouns
• present tense verbs (3rd person singular)
• place and time expressions
• tenses (backshift)

Type	Example
direct speech	“I speak English.”
reported speech (no backshift)	He says that he speaks English.
reported speech (backshift)	He said that he spoke English.

Questions

When transforming questions, check whether you have to change:

• pronouns
• present tense verbs (3rd person singular)
• place and time expressions
• tenses (backshift)

Also note that you have to:

• transform the question into an indirect question
• use the interrogative or if / whether

Type		Example
with interrogative	direct speech	“Why don’t you speak English?”
	reported speech	He asked me why I didn’t speak English.
without interrogative	direct speech	“Do you speak English?”
	reported speech	He asked me whether / if I spoke English.

Requests

When transforming questions, check whether you have to change:

• pronouns
• place and time expressions

Type	Example
direct speech	“Carol, speak English.“
reported speech	He told Carol to speak English.

• Simple Present (He says …)
• Present Perfect (He has said …)
• Future I will (He will say …)
• Future I going to (He is going to say …)

• Simple Past (He said …)
• Past Perfect (He had said …)
• Future II ( He will have said …)
• Conditional I (He would say …)
• Conditional II (He would have said …)

Direct Speech	Reported Speech
Simple Present	Simple Past
Present Progressive	Past Progressive
Simple Past	Past Perfect Simple
Present Perfect
Past Perfect
Past Progressive	Past Perfect Progressive
Present Perfect Progressive
Past Perfect Progressive
Future I (going to)	was / were going to
Future I (will)	Conditional I
Conditional I
Future II	Conditional II
Conditional II

·        

·         Reported Speech: Lenguaje Indirecto

·         Hablaremos en esta oportunidad de una estructura gramatical muy utilizada en el idioma inglés que se emplea cuando queremos contar o hacer referencia sobre algo que otra persona ha dicho con anticipación.

·         Este tema recibe el nombre de Reported Speech (Lenguaje Indirecto) un ejemplo:

·         “I go to school everyday”, Alice said. (Lenguaje Directo)
“Yo voy a la escuela todos los días”, dijo Alicia.

·         Alice said that she went to school everyday.(Lenguaje Indirecto)
Alicia dijo que ella fue a la escuela todos los días.

·         Para poder convertir una oración de Lenguaje Directo a Indirecto podemos introducir la frase utilizando diferentes verbos como por ejemplo: answer (responder), suggest (sugerir), explain (explicar), say (decir),tell (contar), promise (prometer).

·         También debemos tener en cuenta que si la oración en Lenguaje Directo se encuentra en Presente Simple, al pasarla a Lenguaje Indirecto no es necesario cambiar el tiempo verbal. En otros casos, al convertir una oración a Reported Speech el verbo principal retrocede un tiempo verbal como muestra el siguiente cuadro:

Lenguaje Directo	Lenguaje Indirecto
Presente Simple I go to the school	Presente Simple / Pasado Simple He said that he goes to the school He said that he went to the school
Presente Continuo I am going to the school	Pasado Continuo He said that he was going to the school
Pasado Simple I went to the school	Pasado Perfecto He said that he had gone to the school
Presente Perfecto I have gone to the school	Pasado Perfecto He said that he has gone to the school
Presente Perfecto Continuo I have been going to the school	Pasado Perfecto Continuo He said that he had been going to the school
Futuro Simple I will go to the school	Condicional Simple He said that he would go to the school
Futuro Perfecto I will have gone to the school	Condicional Perfecto He said that he would have gone to the school

·         En el caso de utilizar verbos modales los cambios a realizar son los siguientes:

Lenguaje Directo	Lenguaje Indirecto
CAN I can study the lesson	COULD He said that he could study the lesson
MAY I may study the lesson	MIGHT He said that he might study the lesson
WILL I will study the lesson	WOULD He said that he would study the lesson
MUST I must study the lesson	HAD TO He said that he had to study the lesson

·         Algo que debemos tener en cuenta es que cuando utilizamos algunas palabras indicadoras de lugar y de tiempo es necesario que se cambien adecuándolas al sentido y al tiempo de la oración como por ejemplo:

Lenguaje Directo	Lenguaje Indirecto
now	at that moment / then
today	that day
last night	the night before
tonight	that night
this afternoon	that afternoon
this month	that month
next week	the following week
here	there
next

Dear students 11A-B-C and 10A-B-C this is the new story for reading english

THE MAN WITH TWO SHADOWS Thomas Hood

George Mason was my wife's cousin, a sailor. He and Lettie, my sister, met at our wedding and fell in love immediately. George was a brave man, who loved the sea, and I was not surprised when he decided to travel to the Arctic on a ship called the Pioneer. Lettie was afraid when he told her, but she could not stop him.

My younger brother Harry liked painting, so he decided to paint a picture of George before he left. It was quite a good picture. I thought the face was too white but Lettie was very pleased with it and she put it on the wall in our sitting-room. Before the ship sailed, George met the ship's doctor, a Scotsman called Vincent Grieve. He brought him to dinner with us and I disliked him immediately. He sat too close to Lettie and seemed more like her lover than George. At first George did not notice, but Lettie did and she was unhappy about it. The strangest thing was when he saw the picture of George on the wall. He sat down opposite it, but stood up as soon as he saw it. 'I'm sorry,' he said, 'but I cannot look at that picture.' 'Well, I know it's not very good...' I began. 'It's not that it's either good or bad. I know nothing about painting,' he said. 'It's the eyes they seem to follow me everywhere.' I thought that perhaps he just wanted to move closer to Lettie, but when I saw his face, he looked really frightened. We were all surprised when Vincent came again the next day. He brought a note for Lettie from George and after that he came almost every day. On the last day before the ship sailed, Vincent said to Lettie, 'If anything happens to George, I will still love you and you can marry me.' Lettie was very angry and told him to leave the house at once. She did not tell George about it because she wanted him to leave happily. The time came for George and Lettie to say goodbye and, when he left, Lettie cried for hours. I went in and put my arm around her. As I looked up, I noticed the picture of George on the wall. The face looked very, very white and I thought there was water on it. Perhaps it's just the light, I thought to myself and tried to forget about it. The Pioneer sailed. George sent two letters, and then a year passed before we heard anything. We once read about the ship in the newspaper, but that was all. Spring-time came, and one beautiful warm evening we were all at home. The children were playing outside and Harry was watching them from the window.  Suddenly the room felt very cold. Lettie looked up. 'How strange,' she said. 'Do you feel how cold it is?' 'Just like the weather in the Arctic,' I said. As I spoke, I looked at the picture on the wall and what I saw made me terribly afraid. His face suddenly looked like a dead man's, with no eyes. Without thinking, I said, 'Poor George.' ‘What do you mean?’ asked Lettie, looking frightened. ‘Have you heard something about George?’ ‘No, no,' I said quickly. 'I was just thinking about the cold weather where he is.’ At this moment, Harry put his head back into the room. 'Cold?' he said. ‘Who's cold?’ ‘Did you not feel cold just then?’ asked Lettie. 'We both did.' 'Not at all,' he said happily. 'How can you feel cold on a beautiful spring evening like this?' I followed him out of the room. 'Harry,' I said, 'what's the date today?' 'It's Tuesday, February the 23rd. Look, here's the newspaper.' I told him about the change in the picture and the cold feeling and asked him to write it down. I was sure that George was in some kind of trouble and I wanted to remember everything about that evening. Early the next morning there was a knock at the door. It was Harry, looking white and frightened. I knew immediately why he was there. ‘Have you seen the newspaper?' he asked. On the front page was the news that George was dead. One sentence from the newspaper stayed in my mind: 'Lieutenant George Mason was out shooting with the ship's doctor, Vincent Grieve, when he died.’ When I told my wife about George, she began to cry. 'How can we tell poor Lettie?' she said. 'Ssssshh,' said Harry, but it was too late. Lettie was at the door and we had to tell her everything. She fell to the floor, her face as white as paper. We called the doctor immediately but she was ill for many months. About two months later, I read about the arrival of the Pioneer, George's ship, in Britain. I did not tell Lettie about it as she was only just getting better. A day or two after this there was a knock at the door and, as I got up to open it, I noticed George's picture once again. This time, to my surprise, he held one finger up and seemed to be warning me. I looked harder at George's face and was almost sure that I could see blood on it. I walked closer and saw that the warning finger was really a small moth, sitting on the picture. I picked up the sleepy moth and put it under a wine glass. As I did this, the servant came in and said, 'Dr Vincent Grieve is here to see you, sir.' As the doctor came in, I saw his face turn white. 'Please, cover that picture of George,' he said. 'It is even harder for me to look at it now that he is dead.' I covered the picture and Grieve sat down. ‘We were out shooting on the ice,’ he said. ‘It was not easy to walk’. Suddenly, George fell. I tried to catch him... I threw my coat for him... I wanted to pull him up, but it was impossible. He fell into the ice-cold sea and slowly his head went under. His last words were ‘Say goodbye to her’. As he finished his story, Grieve looked up. He screamed loudly and jumped up, pointing behind me. I looked round. The picture was uncovered again and George's white face looked down at us. I covered it again and Grieve seemed to feel better. 'I'm sorry,' he said, 'I've been ill.' He stood up. 'I'm sorry,' he said again. Then he noticed the little white moth, which was still under the wine glass. 'Has someone else from the Pioneer been here?' he asked. 'No,' I answered. 'You are the first.' 'Then how did this moth get here? It only lives in the Arctic. That's very strange... Well, look after it. It's very unusual.' He left a few minutes later and Harry and I watched him walk down the street. 'There's something I don't like about that man,'I said. 'You're right,' Harry said. 'Do you know he has two shadows? There's someone or something always standing at his side. That explains why he's always so frightened.' We decided not to tell Lettie about his visit. Two days later, I arrived home and found my sister very angry. 'Grieve came here today and asked me to marry him. He said that George wanted it. I couldn't believe it. We were in the sitting-room and he was standing by the wall. As he was speaking, there was a sound of something breaking, and George's picture fell on his head and cut it open. We had to carry him upstairs and call the doctor.' I went angrily upstairs but, when I saw Grieve, it was clear that he could understand nothing. We could not move him and a nurse came to stay with him during the night. At about midnight, the nurse felt something was wrong in the room. She saw his two shadows on the wall and, frightened, went to get Lettie to sit with her. As soon as my sister came into the room, Grieve sat up and started to talk. 'I could not stop myself,' he said, 'I hit you with my gun because I loved her and now she'll never forgive me. I murdered you, George, because I loved her. Don't you see? Can't you understand? Please, please leave me alone.' As he shouted the last words, he got out of bed and walked backwards slowly, all the time looking at something following him, his eyes wide and afraid. He came to the window and suddenly seemed to decide something. Very quickly, he turned round, opened the window and threw himself out. The nurse and Lettie could not stop him. Two days later, the police found his body in the river.

READING COMPREHENSION ACTIVITY 1. Who was George married to? 2. Who was Harry? 3. Where did George decide to travel to? 4. Who was Vincent Grieve? 5. What frightened Grieve? 6. What did the narrator notice about the portrait when George left? 7. What happened on one beautiful spring evening when Harry, Lettie     and the narrator were at home? 8. According to Grieve, how did George die? 9. What happened to Grieve after he asked Lettie to marry him? 10. What was the real cause of George's death?

GLOSSARY

close to: near (muy cerca de) stood up: put on his feet (se paró, se puso de pie) frightened: panicked, scared (asustado) almost: nearly (casi) at once: immediately (enseguida, de inmediato) looked up: lifted my eyes (alcé la vista, miré hacia arriba) spring-time: the season of spring (la primavera) suddenly: all of a sudden (de pronto, repentinamente) a dead man's: (the face) of a dead man (la de un hombre muerto) was in some kind of trouble: was in some sort of problem (estaba teniendo algún problema) front page: cover or first page of a newspaper(portada del diario) held one finger up: was lifting a finger(levantaba un dedo) moth: an insect with wings that flies at night(polilla) to turn white: to become pale (empalidecer) to pull him up: to take him out (sacarlo tirando de él) ice-cold: very cold, almost freezing (congelado, helado) look after it: take care of it (cuídenla) midnight: 12 o'clock at night (medianoche) to forgive: to stop blaming (perdonar)