For 10 A-B-C REPORTED SPEECH

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Reported Speech (Indirect Speech)

If we report what another person has said, we usually do not use the speaker’s exact words (direct speech), but reported (indirect) speech. Therefore, you need to learn how to transform direct speech into reported speech. The structure is a little different depending on whether you want to transform a statement, question or request.

Statements

When transforming statements, check whether you have to change:

• pronouns
• present tense verbs (3rd person singular)
• place and time expressions
• tenses (backshift)

Type	Example
direct speech	“I speak English.”
reported speech (no backshift)	He says that he speaks English.
reported speech (backshift)	He said that he spoke English.

Questions

When transforming questions, check whether you have to change:

• pronouns
• present tense verbs (3rd person singular)
• place and time expressions
• tenses (backshift)

Also note that you have to:

• transform the question into an indirect question
• use the interrogative or if / whether

Type		Example
with interrogative	direct speech	“Why don’t you speak English?”
	reported speech	He asked me why I didn’t speak English.
without interrogative	direct speech	“Do you speak English?”
	reported speech	He asked me whether / if I spoke English.

Requests

When transforming questions, check whether you have to change:

• pronouns
• place and time expressions

Type	Example
direct speech	“Carol, speak English.“
reported speech	He told Carol to speak English.

• Simple Present (He says …)
• Present Perfect (He has said …)
• Future I will (He will say …)
• Future I going to (He is going to say …)

• Simple Past (He said …)
• Past Perfect (He had said …)
• Future II ( He will have said …)
• Conditional I (He would say …)
• Conditional II (He would have said …)

Direct Speech	Reported Speech
Simple Present	Simple Past
Present Progressive	Past Progressive
Simple Past	Past Perfect Simple
Present Perfect
Past Perfect
Past Progressive	Past Perfect Progressive
Present Perfect Progressive
Past Perfect Progressive
Future I (going to)	was / were going to
Future I (will)	Conditional I
Conditional I
Future II	Conditional II
Conditional II

·        

·         Reported Speech: Lenguaje Indirecto

·         Hablaremos en esta oportunidad de una estructura gramatical muy utilizada en el idioma inglés que se emplea cuando queremos contar o hacer referencia sobre algo que otra persona ha dicho con anticipación.

·         Este tema recibe el nombre de Reported Speech (Lenguaje Indirecto) un ejemplo:

·         “I go to school everyday”, Alice said. (Lenguaje Directo)
“Yo voy a la escuela todos los días”, dijo Alicia.

·         Alice said that she went to school everyday.(Lenguaje Indirecto)
Alicia dijo que ella fue a la escuela todos los días.

·         Para poder convertir una oración de Lenguaje Directo a Indirecto podemos introducir la frase utilizando diferentes verbos como por ejemplo: answer (responder), suggest (sugerir), explain (explicar), say (decir),tell (contar), promise (prometer).

·         También debemos tener en cuenta que si la oración en Lenguaje Directo se encuentra en Presente Simple, al pasarla a Lenguaje Indirecto no es necesario cambiar el tiempo verbal. En otros casos, al convertir una oración a Reported Speech el verbo principal retrocede un tiempo verbal como muestra el siguiente cuadro:

Lenguaje Directo	Lenguaje Indirecto
Presente Simple I go to the school	Presente Simple / Pasado Simple He said that he goes to the school He said that he went to the school
Presente Continuo I am going to the school	Pasado Continuo He said that he was going to the school
Pasado Simple I went to the school	Pasado Perfecto He said that he had gone to the school
Presente Perfecto I have gone to the school	Pasado Perfecto He said that he has gone to the school
Presente Perfecto Continuo I have been going to the school	Pasado Perfecto Continuo He said that he had been going to the school
Futuro Simple I will go to the school	Condicional Simple He said that he would go to the school
Futuro Perfecto I will have gone to the school	Condicional Perfecto He said that he would have gone to the school

·         En el caso de utilizar verbos modales los cambios a realizar son los siguientes:

Lenguaje Directo	Lenguaje Indirecto
CAN I can study the lesson	COULD He said that he could study the lesson
MAY I may study the lesson	MIGHT He said that he might study the lesson
WILL I will study the lesson	WOULD He said that he would study the lesson
MUST I must study the lesson	HAD TO He said that he had to study the lesson

·         Algo que debemos tener en cuenta es que cuando utilizamos algunas palabras indicadoras de lugar y de tiempo es necesario que se cambien adecuándolas al sentido y al tiempo de la oración como por ejemplo:

Lenguaje Directo	Lenguaje Indirecto
now	at that moment / then
today	that day
last night	the night before
tonight	that night
this afternoon	that afternoon
this month	that month
next week	the following week
here	there
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