For all my students How to pronounce-ed in english

How to Pronounce -ed in English

The past simple tense and past participle of all regular verbs end in -ed. For example:
base verb
(v1) past simple
(v2) past participle
(v3)
work worked worked

In addition, many adjectives are made from the past participle and so end in -ed. For example:

* I like painted furniture.

The question is: How do we pronounce the -ed?

The answer is: In 3 ways - / Id/ or / t/ or / d/
If the base verb ends in one of these sounds: example base verb*: example
with -ed: pronounce
the -ed: extra syllable?
unvoiced /t/ want wanted / Id/ yes
voiced /d/ end ended
unvoiced /p/ hope hoped / t/ no
/f/ laugh laughed
/s/ fax faxed
/S/ wash washed
/tS/ watch watched
/k/ like liked
voiced all other sounds,
for example... play played / d/
allow allowed
beg begged

* note that it is the sound that is important, not the letter or spelling. For example, "fax" ends in the letter "x" but the sound /s/; "like" ends in the letter "e" but the sound /k/.

Exceptions

The following -ed words used as adjectives are pronounced with /Id/:

* aged
* blessed
* crooked



* dogged
* learned
* naked



* ragged
* wicked
* wretched

So we say:

* an aged man /Id/
* a blessed nuisance /Id/
* a dogged persistance /Id/
* a learned professor - the professor, who was truly learned /Id/
* a wretched beggar - the beggar was wretched /Id/

But when used as real verbs (past simple and past participle), the normal rules apply and we say:

* he aged quickly /d/
* he blessed me /t/
* they dogged him /d/
* he has learned well /d/ or /t/